Mack Sennett was an innovator of slapstick
comedy in film. During his lifetime, he was known as "the
King of Comedy."
Born Michael Sinnott in Richmond, Quebec, Canada,
Sennett was a son of Irish immigrants. His father was
a blacksmith in the small Eastern Townships village.
Sennett became a singer, dancer, clown, actor, set
designer and director for Biograph, and founded Keystone
Studios in 1912 together with Adam Kessel. Many important
actors were discovered by him and started their career
at Keystone. Those include Charlie Chaplin, Raymond
Griffith, Gloria Swanson, Ford Sterling, the Keystone
Kops and many more.
Sennett first acted in films at Biograph Studios,
playing low comedy parts, usually oafish rural types.
His chance at directing came in 1912 at the new Keystone
brand. His fast-paced knockabout style and good distribution
as part of the Mutual program, insured recognition
of the Keystone trade mark as well as his stars and
his own name. In a very short space of time, that name
became synonymous with screen comedy. In fact, when
he left to produce independently, to be released by
Paramount in 1917, he didn't fight to take the Keystone
Brand with him, his own name proved more valuable.
Into the 1920s, his short subjects were in great
demand, with stars such as Billy Bevan, Harry Gribbon,
Vernon Dent, Alice Day, Ralph Graves, Charley Murray,
and Harry Langdon. He produced several features with
his brightest stars such as Ben Turpin and Mabel Normand.
In an ultimately poor business move in the mid 1920s,
he moved over to Pathé distributors, which although
had a huge exchange, made bad decisions, such as handling
too many comedies at once, including Sennett's main
competitor, Hal Roach. In 1927, Hollywood's two top
studios, Paramount and MGM, seeing the profits coming
in from short-subject companies like Pathé and
Educational, both got back into their own distribution
and production after several years. Roach signed up
with MGM, leaving Sennett now by himself at Pathé,
but they were now on hard times because the hundreds
of exhibitors that used to take their shorts had switched
to the new MGM or Paramount subjects.
In 1928, Sennett bought property in the San Fernando
Valley on Ventura Boulevard in Studio City, founding
his 38 acre (154,000 m²) Keystone Studios.
Sennett occasionally experimented with color and
was the first to get a talkie short subject on the
market in 1928. Less than successful films such as "Hypnotized" with
blackface comedians Mack and Moran were done in the
early 1930s near the end of his career when he sold
his backlog of films to Warner Brothers. As moviegoers'
tastes changed, Warner used it for occasional stock
footage and eventually destroyed them when they took
up too much space. Today many Sennett films, especially
from his most productive and creative period no longer
exist.
In sum, Sennett's style made our great grandfathers
laugh, but he was loath to ever change his formula
of chases and messy fights. It was very nearly the
same from his first to his last, aimed at the less
demanding in the audience. Today his name is still
highly recognizable, even to those who will have virtually
no contact with his films, and the term "Keystone
Kops" has become part of the language to describe
incompetent buffoons with some supposed authority.
He died in Woodland Hills, California and was interred
in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. |